As a high-risk individual, you may find yourself in a situation where you think you are being watched or followed.
Stalking
Stalking is the term given to repeated and unwanted intrusive behaviour towards another person, creating distress. It includes correspondence in all its forms, but also refers to in-person watching or even approaches.
High-risk individuals with significant public profiles, who have roles that require them to be in the public eye, are at particular risk of stalking. Stalkers can present a risk of physical harm.
On the rare occasions when a high-risk individual has been attacked, stalking behaviour has often been a prelude. Past cases indicate that the stalkers are likely to have a history of mental illness and to have exhibited some warning behaviour.
If you are experiencing worrying behaviour such as unwanted, fixated, obsessive, repeated online messaging and/or conduct such that it is having a negative impact on you and you are having to change your behaviour or daily activities, you should take immediate action (see below). This is particularly the case if the behaviour has intensified to the point where you believe you are being physically watched or followed.
For further guidance about stalking online and in-person see:
Hostile surveillance
Hostile surveillance is the monitoring of people or locations by individuals or organisations with malicious intent. It is normally covert and may be used to gather information about the subject to inform the planning of a future action. The surveillance may be conducted both online and in-person. The key differences between stalking and surveillance involve behaviour and intent.
Hostile surveillance is typically conducted by state-backed organisations, terrorist groups, criminal organisations or other individuals or bodies seeking to gather information or intimidate you for unlawful purposes.
Characteristics of hostile surveillance may include:
- Covert monitoring: Surveillance is conducted discreetly, with the subjects often being unaware that they are being observed.
- Hostile reconnaissance or intelligence gathering: The purpose of surveillance is to gather intelligence on the target's activities, routines or vulnerabilities, or to gain other information that could be exploited for malicious purposes.
- Sophisticated tactics: Surveillance may involve sophisticated surveillance and tracking equipment.
What should I do if I think I'm being stalked or subject to hostile surveillance?
Stalking and hostile surveillance can pose significant risks to your safety and security. The following advice is particularly designed for those high-risk individuals exposed to national security threats. If that is the case, you should consider the following action.
- Assess the situation: Pay close attention to your surroundings and any suspicious behaviour you observe. Look for signs of stalking/surveillance, such as individuals loitering nearby, unusual vehicles parked outside your home or workplace, or repeated encounters with the same people.
- Do not approach: If you suspect you are the subject of stalking/surveillance do not approach or confront anyone you suspect to be carrying it out. However, if safe to do so, capture as much information as possible. If you can, pass through areas where there is CCTV, so further information can be captured. Head to a place where there are lots of people (if you are travelling) or an area where police are likely to be present.
- Change plans if appropriate: If you have been advised by the police there is a threat to you and you think you are being watched or followed, consider if it is wise to continue your planned activity (e.g. going home/work) as this may provide those conducting potential surveillance the information they are looking for. If this is the case, call the police via 999 and explain the situation; tell them you are a high-risk individual and why.
- Document evidence: If safe to do so, keep detailed records of any suspicious incidents or behaviours you observe, including:dates, times, locations, descriptions of individuals or vehicles involved, and any other relevant information. This documentation will be useful to the police.
- Report to the authorities: As a high-risk individual, if you suspect hostile surveillance is being conducted, call the Anti-Terrorist Hotline immediately on 0800 789 321. You must explain your situation, why you are high risk, and detail exactly what has happened. However, if you are in immediate danger always dial 999.
- Stay vigilant: Remain alert and continue to monitor your surroundings for any signs of ongoing stalking/surveillance. Trust your instincts and take proactive steps to protect yourself and your family.
- Review your security measures: Assess your current security measures and consider whether any additional precautions are necessary to protect yourself and your belongings. This may include upgrading locks, installing security cameras, varying your daily routines, or seeking advice from security professionals (see Plan Ahead).
Dealing with hostile stalking/surveillance is potentially dangerous. Prioritise your safety and well-being throughout and if you feel threatened or unsafe, seek assistance from the police immediately.
Call the police
If you believe you are in immediate danger or being actively targeted by stalking or hostile surveillance, contact the police immediately by calling 999. State you are a high-risk individual and why. Provide them with all the information you have gathered and follow their instructions.